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Ecological Sustainability and Urban Green Space |
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Urban Density
and Green Structure Case Studies Ringkøbing
-DK Stocksbridge
-UK Social
Impacts of sustainable Housing Helsinki -
Espoo -SU Political
Instruments Norway
- N |
Density with Quality - implementing sustainability HOW TO GET BETTER POLITICAL INSTRUMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTING DENSITY WITH QUALITY IN URBAN AREAS Unn Ellefsen, Ministry of Environment in Norway The Ministry of Environment in Norway has taken an initiative to co-operate with two Ministries, the Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development and the Ministry of Agriculture, and 6 municipalities ( Oslo, Baerum, Skien, Bergen, Sykkylven and Kristiansand) in order to develop better political instruments for implementing density with quality in urban areas. This is not a research programme, but a development project based on empirical case-studies selected by each municipality, begun in the Autumn 1997.
The objective of this project Primarily to improve and develop political instruments to ensure more efficient and qualitative land use within the developed urban areas (ie density). It also aims to establish better models of co-operation, both within the ministries and at the national and local level. The studies may contribute in the longer term to the work of changing planning legislation in this field.
Background Report to the Norwegian Storting nr. 29 (1996-97), Regional planning and land use policy, in which the following items were discussed:
In the first stage of the project the following main issues were identified:
Definition of densification used in this project Densification results:
Organisation To deal with these challenges, the municipalities are working within three different working groups: on legal, economic and organisational matters. The leader of each group, representatives from the three different ministries and the project co-ordinator form the steering group. In order to maintain impetus and creative input throughout the duration of the project ( 3 years), there is also a reference group.
Approaches The municipalities have chosen their own case studies: areas under regulation or in the process of gaining higher area density. Based on the definition of density and the main "challenges" referred to above, the project is structured as follows:
The project will deal with the
different "challenges" by using different
instruments Instrument Challenge Legal instruments Organisational
instruments Economic instruments Achieve good quality Parity of distribution of
advantages and disadvantages Means of achievement
The case studies CATEGORY OF
AREA INFILL/ COMPLETE REUSE AND CONVERSION NEW BUILDING MUNICIPALITY OSLO Ris - Slemdal Holtet Økern BÆRUM Nyveien Ropern
Langodden Bekkestua SKIEN Langbryggene Huken KRISTIANSAND Tangen BERGEN Nesttun Nesttun Nesttun SYKKYLVEN Grebstad Klokkehaug Aure
sentrum The case studies themselves dictate the different approaches which are to be taken during this project. Some of the topics are as follows: some legal approaches:
some organisational approaches:
some economic approaches:
Work up to now: A common working programme has been worked out. It describes the challenges and approaches which will have priority in future work. The working groups themselves will give consideration to the areas of interest through discussion, theoretical simulations and external reports. Practical research will also be carried out in pilot areas using the new political instruments. It is aimed to achieve a sound link between these practical approaches and professional development work. Reports which are to be started during this Summer/Autumn:
1. Report on alternative methods for cost allocation in the development, management and maintenance of common areas and constructions
2. Creating examples of the possibilities and limitations for municipalities to form and implement their policy for development according to current legislation
3. Use of "plot allotment" instruments for implementation in areas where densification is wanted
4. Estimate the use of concessions and the right of first refusal
5. Development of planning instrument and planning regulations in the Planning and Building Act
6. Obtain information and experiences about best practices in other countries' planning systems for implementing densification 7. Experiences from different models of implementation in some of the municipalities
8. Summary of experience of various areas of interest 9. Consequences for society of better utilisation of land area (better land use)
10. Summary of economic instruments
11. Consequences of cost allocation of main technical installations
What do we want to achieve?
Deliver proposals to other processes which are working with political instruments.
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